91´óÉñ

Hydrogen Sulfide Scavengers for Oil & Gas

A major production challenge in oil & gas systems is the presence of Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S). H₂S may be present in the reservoir "naturally" or it may be due to the presence of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) which produce hydrogen sulfide. H₂S is highly reactive, especially with iron, and in most systems the H₂S will readily react with iron in ionic form or iron from metal surfaces, to form various species of iron sulfide (FeS). SRB colonies adhering to pipe walls can become iron sulfide factories, eating away at the pipe surface and forming pits which eventually may cause leaks and failures.

Left untreated, systems with H₂S will generate FeS, which leads to other major operational challenges and costs because of the subsequent production issues it causes - scale, interface problems, filter and reservoir plugging, water discharge concerns, and lost production. If the water is being reused for stimulation or fracturing, the water must be conditioned to remove the FeS, which adds operational costs. If the oil or gas contains H₂S above sales specifications, the production will be rejected until the spec limits are reached.

Veolia's upstream technical team will identify the cause and extent of sulfides in your system and develop a comprehensive program to minimize the issues related to sulfides. It may involve application of a 91´óÉñProSolv Hydrogen Sulfide Scavenger or a ProSolv Biocide to eradicate SRB. Rest assured that the cost-effective solution from 91´óÉñwill address sulfides and control them so that sulfides don't control you.

ProSolv* Hydrogen Sulfide Scavengers Features & Benefits

• Eliminate H₂S and FeS in your production system
• Reduce equipment failures and fouling
• Prevent "black" water and related issues (plugging, emulsions, scale)
• Improve overall safety and reduce environmental risk
• Reduce the risk of corrosion failures and improve asset integrity
• Meet pipeline & sales specifications all the time

By applying the right ProSolv sulfide control solution and reducing sulfide issues, hydrocarbon production will be optimized to meet or exceed your production objectives.

Biocide/Biogrowth Control for Oil & Gas

Bacterial contamination of oil & gas production systems is a serious production challenge requiring the right chemistry and application methods to properly control. Bacteria may have been introduced in many ways and over many years - drilling well completions, reinjection of produced waters for pressure maintenance, EOR projects, workovers, hot oil/water treatments, etc. It's often impossible to determine the cause, but once bacteria take up residence in your reservoir or production system, they are difficult to eliminate. The good news is that with Veolia's chemical treatments, bacteria-related issues can be controlled, and production issues minimized.

Veolia's systematic approach to bacterial control begins with assessing the locations and types of the bacteria in your system. 91´óÉñtechnical teams will sample and test fluids to quantify bacterial issues, followed by selecting solutions which attack the bacteria where they reside.

By selecting the best mitigation program, 91´óÉñwill ensure that bacteria issues are minimized. In fracs, production and injection systems, Veolia's ProSolv Biocides can help minimize production issues and maximize asset life. Proper control of bacteria results in reduced operational costs, reduced H2S generation, cleaner production, more efficient operations and reduced failure rates.

ProSolv* Biocide/Biogrowth Control Features & Benefits

• Control bacterial growth in oil & gas production systems
• Minimize microbial generation of H2S and the related downstream issues it causes, including corrosion, water quality, separation, rejected sales of gas and oil
• Improve health, safety and environmental compliance
• Reduce filter plugging in water injection systems

91´óÉñhas the know-how to deliver the knockout punch to bacteria. Specially designed formulations penetrate bacterial films and destroy the active colony. Nanofiltration systems can remove all bacteria from injected fluids, effectively providing a green solution for your water needs. Veolia's technical teams work in collaboration with each other to deliver the optimal system to address bacterial issues in your system.

Oxygen Scavengers/Inhibitors for Oil & Gas

Oxygen is a serious threat to system integrity, even at extremely low amounts. Most oxygen corrosion is directly attributable to addition of fluids which have been exposed to fresh air. Oxygen can be introduced during fracs, waterfloods, squeezes and workovers when large volumes of fluids are injected downhole. On the surface, loose fitting valves and connections, pinhole leaks, or tank openings can allow the oxygen to enter lines, reacting with system metallurgy.

At Veolia, our field technical representatives will regularly analyze fluids to check for the presence of oxygen. If found, a thorough inspection of the upstream system will take place to identify places that oxygen enters the system. In addition, Veolia's ProSolv Oxygen Scavengers may be applied to remove the oxygen and eradicate the corrosive risk it creates.

ProSolv Oxygen Scavengers/Inhibitors Features & Benefits?

• React quickly with oxygen to deactivate its corrosion potential
• Be applied in a "neat" form directly to your system
• Provide reduced corrosion and maximize asset integrity

Veolia's oxygen scavengers are selected to help keep your oil and gas production systems operating at peak efficiency levels. Eliminating oxygen leads to reduced failures, leaks and hazardous conditions that add costs to your operations. In addition, reduced failures lead to increases in hydrocarbon production and revenue streams.